Agricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701The impact assessment of cage culture of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) on benthic communities using biological indicators in the South Caspian Sea, Iran2142215811703210.22092/ijfs.2018.117032ENKourosh HaddadiMoghaddamDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.Mehdi SoltaniDepartment of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranA KamaliDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.H.A AbdolhayIranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Tehran, Iran, P.O.Box: 14155-6116Journal Article20170419In this study, the impact of cage culture of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum), on benthic communities using biological indicators located along the coastal areas of the South Caspian Sea (Nashtarudregion, Mazandaran Province, Iran) was investigated. Monthly samplings from 4 stations were carried out from January 2016 to May 2016.The physical and chemical characteristics of water were measured on a monthly basis. Sediment samples were taken using Ekman Grab. The ecological indicators such as Shannon–Wiener index of diversity, H, Simpson, S, and Margalef, R, was routinely used. The biomass-dominant faunal groups were Bivalve (146.16 g/m2 (,Crustacea (24.5 g/m2) and Polychaeta (10.5 g/m2).The greatest variety of benthos was found under the cage and the lowest range was found150-300 m around the cage that was significantly difference (P<0.05). Results of current study showed that, the percentage of sand was greater than that of silt and clay throughout the experimental period. Sediment organic matter (OM%) reached extremely high concentrations beneath the control (P<0.05), when compared surrounding area. A positive correlation coefficient was found betweenthe Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H'), and biomass of benthic organisms (p=0.001; r= 0.684). According to results of species diversity, and amount of organic matter in the cage area, indicated that specific richness levels were in bad ecological statues.https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_117032_00aac0a5b5ee41787c3edb50f681a568.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Zinc-threonine yeast enriched improved the growth and mineral composition of salt water rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis1840184911737010.22092/ijfs.2018.119688.ENKaveh NematzadehUrmia UniversityNasrollah AhmadifardUrmia UniversityNaser SamadiUrmia UniversityNaser AghUrmia UniversitySerwe GhaderpoorUrmia UniversityJournal Article20170802The survival and larval growth of marine fish in mass production are affected by the nutritional value of live feeds such as rotifers, thus many studies have been conducted to develop effective methods for the enrichment of live feeds with mineral, essential fatty acids and vitamins. In this study, the effect of zinc-threonine enriched yeast on growth factors and mineral composition of rotifer was investigated. For this purpose, rotifers in four groups including: 1) yeast without enrichment (the control), 2) yeast contain 18.22 mg.g-1 of zinc 3) yeast contain 23.76 mg.g-1 of zinc and 4) yeast contain 46.15 mg.g-1 of zinc were cultured for 10 days. Total rotifer and egg number, on a daily basis were assayed. Mean of specific growth rate and egg ratio of the rotifer B. plicatilis were calculated. Changes in the amount of four element (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) of rotifer fed with different treatments were also studied. Based on results, zinc-threonine enriched yeast with 46.15 mg.g-1 of zinc-threonine significantly (P<0.05) improved growth and body composition of rotifers. Maximum number of rotifers and eggs were respectively 219.3±2.0 and 30.3±11.0 number.ml-1. The maximum egg ratio and SGR is related to the treatment of 23.76 mg.g-1 and 46.15 mg/g of zinc, respectively. Highest amount of zinc in treatment 4 was 19.54.73±0.99 mg.g-1 (wet weight of rotifer). Also the amount of Cu in treatment 4 was significantly higher than other groups. Conversely, by increasing zinc content, iron and manganese levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05). In conclusion, zinc-threonine enriched yeast could improve the growth, reproduction and body composition of marine rotifers, Brachionus plicatilis.https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_117370_ce6267598e28e5a2b4b6053dcacc8094.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Identification and probiotic properties of lactic acid bacterial isolated from freshwater fish1795180711789210.22092/ijfs.2018.118938.ENZubeyde HANOL BEKTAŞFİSHERİES RESEARCH İNSTİTUTE - ISPARTA-TURKEYJournal Article20160201Since chemotherapeutic agents used to control microbial fish diseases have led to resistance in bacteria, alternative methods have emerged in recent years. In this regard, identification of lactic acid bacteria with good probiotic properties and determination of their probiotic properties are extremely important. In this study, 25 lactic acid bacteria were isolated from freshwater fish and identified at species level using phenotypic, biochemical and molecular tests. The pH tolerance, antagonistic activity and antibiotic sensitivity of these 25 strains were examined, and they were considered as bacteria displaying the best activity in the potential probiotic treatment of fish diseases. <em>Lactococcus lactis</em> species numbered F2, F4, F9 and F10 were determined to have a potential probiotic capacity.https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_117892_ec0cf0d4a0003439146d35999cce52f2.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701The use of trifluralin to control fungal infection and to increase hatching rate of fertilized eggs of brood ship sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris) in Guilan Province1944195311699010.22092/ijfs.2018.116990ENReza Ghorbani VagheihInternational Sturgeon ResearcA Hoseinpour ZeltiInternational Sturgeon Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran.F Bagherzadeh LakaniInternational Sturgeon Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran.A. R AlipourInternational Sturgeon Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran.H YeganehInternational Sturgeon Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran.Journal Article20170720The purpose of this study was to use the Treflan (a herbicide) to reduce fungi and increase the hatching rate of eggs of ship sturgeon, in Youchtchenko incubator. A brood ship sturgeon with the weight of 10 kg, produced 3.6 kg eggs. After fertilization process, 300 g eggs (approximately 8800±120 eggs) were distributed into each box of Youchtchenko incubator (each incubator has 4 boxes). The research was carried out with 4 treatments and 3 replication in each treatment. The research was conducted at the International Sturgeon Research Institute and Beheshti Sturgeon Restoration and Genetic Conservation Center, in 2017. Treatments included control (no added Treflan) and 3 different concentrations of Treflan, treatment 1 (0.1 mg/L), treatment 2 (0.05 mg/L), treatment 3 (0.025 mg/L). 24 hours after placing the fertilized eggs in the incubator, the addition of Treflan was done, and up to 48 hours was used once and then used twice daily until the end of the incubation time, as a 15 min bath. Fungal eggs were syphoned and weighed daily. By determining the no of fungal eggs per g of samle, the no of fungal eggs was determined. 48 hours after incubation, the number of fungal eggs reached the highest levels in treatments. But, in control treatment (due to lack of adding Treflan) was significantly more than other treatments) P<0.05(. In treatments 2 and 3 the remained eggs and the hatching rate, were significantly lower than other treatments) P<0.05(. Possibly, the use of Treflan in two concentrations of 0.025 and 0.05 mg/L has negative effects, may be due to low concentrations and use as a temporary bath. After 96 hours, the eggs were completely hatched. Hatching rate in treatment 1 (2836±132.93), was significantly more than control and treatments of 2 and 3 (1657±145.66, 1470±84.82 and 1429±79.19 respectively) (p<0.05). The results indicated that Treflan can be successfully used in the proper and non-defective function of Youchtchenko incubator, at a concentration of 0.1 mg/L.https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_116990_cfa5b815d1a30a4b66ab31e00f05d4da.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Study of some morphometric, meristic characters and length-weight relationship in wild and domestic populations of the eastern river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae), in Iranian Basin of the Caspian Sea2173218411717610.22092/ijfs.2018.117176ENBabak TizkarGilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education CenterAlireza SeidaviIslamic Azad UniversityJesus PonceUniversidad Autonoma de NayaritJournal Article20161008Meristic, morphometrics characters and length-weight relationship of differences were used to estimate the variability of wild and cultivated populations of the eastern river prawn, M. nipponense in the populations of Iranian Basin of the Caspian Sea. Three samples were collected from the northern Iranian and southern of the Caspian Sea. Ten measurements made for each individual were size-standardized by allometric methods and principal component, and the resulting measurements were analyzed by cluster analysis and discriminant analysis (DA). The results of cluster analysis and DA indicated that the samples were clustered into two groups: the first group included the Caspian Sea sample; the second included the Anzali Lagoon-Aquaculture farm sample. DA tests showed that morphometric, meristic and length-weight relationship differences among the two groups were significant. At least two morphologically populations of this species in the Iranian Basin of the Caspian Sea were determined. This study also suggested that external morphological traits in M. nipponense are variable and change markedly when exposed to different environmental conditions regardless of their geographic origin and that extensive variation was present among the populations studied.<br /> https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_117176_9e9f4a2cf81ffaba990d0e6ae09ffdc7.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Growth performance and carcass composition of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus fed different protein and energy levels1828183911717910.22092/ijfs.2018.117179ENEvinoraida Rency SiagianAnimal Physiology, Development and Molecular LaboratoryRudy Agung NugrohoAnimal Physiology, Development and Molecular LaboratoryJournal Article20170715A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary crude protein and energy levels on the live weight (LW), daily weight gain (DWG), feed conversion rate (FCR), feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency rate (PER), survival rate (SR), specific growth rate (SGR), thermal growth coefficient (TGC) and carcass composition of catfish (Clarias gariepinus). A group of triplicates 80 catfish per tank were randomly assigned and fed different levels combination of crude protein and energy, viz: three levels of crude protein (CP) (32; 34; and 36%) with digestible protein (DP) (27; 39; and 41%) and three levels of digestible energy (DE) (11.9; 12.4; and 13.3%) for 8 weeks. At the end of experiment, the results showed that the highest LW, DWG, SGR and TGC were found on fish fed 34% CP: 39% DP: 12.4% DE. The optimum FCR was reached on fish fed 36% CP: 41% DP: 12.4% DE whereas PER in fish fed 34% CP: 39% DP: 13.3% DE. Meanwhile, fish fed 36% CP: 41% DP: 12.4% DE resulted significantly highest FE. However, the SR of fish was not affected by any combination of CP: DP: DE. This finding indicated that diet 34% CP: 39% DP: 12.4% DE is the optimum combination in enhancing the growth of catfish.https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_117179_431a3e8c526631d5605ab41bb1f9c16b.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701A factorial experiment for heritability estimation of the reproductive traits in Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus1954196611738110.22092/ijfs.2018.117381ENAli HallajianHossein Ali AbdolhayPuttra MalaysiaAbdol Ahad ShadparvarGuilan UniversityMatab YarmohammadiInternational Sturgeon Research InstituteMohamad Ali YazdanisadatiInternational Research InstituteJournal Article20170506Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) is one of the most valuable species of fish native to the Caspian Sea and Iran's waters. Reproductive traits and their heritability have been evaluated in Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus. Six male and female fish (three of each) caught in southern Caspian Sea were crossed by using a 3×3 factorial, that is the result of mating between them was 9 treatments for heritability estimation and fertilization traits. Prior to the crossing, sperm density, motility, pH and osmolarity, percent spermatocrit, and the number of micropiles on the eggs surface were determined. Hatching percent was calculated at 5 h after fertilization and 405 eggs were measured for weight and diameter. Sperm concentration and number of micropiles had no significant effects on fertilization rate (P > 0.05). Sperm density also had negative correlations with fertilization (r = -0.603, P <0.01) and hatching rates (r =-0.175, P <0.01). However, fertilization was positively correlated with osmolarity (r = 0.511) and number of micropiles (r = 0.574). The correlation between osmolarity and hatching rate was 0.288 and between egg weight and its diameter was 0.698. Heritability estimates for egg weight and its diameter were 0.043±0.035 and 0.207± 0.103, respectively. The results for the additive genetic variation implied that the studied crosses could be exploited for genetic improvement of reproductive traits. The estimated heritability suggested that selection could be employed to improve genetically the weight and diameter of eggs.https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_117381_b1b5ad5bcb536241091e881a0e0f2d1c.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Growth performances and hemato-immunological responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) to fermented Aspergillus oryzae1749175611740310.22092/ijfs.2018.117403ENSeyyed Aliakbar HedayatiGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesJournal Article20170612Using feed additives ingredients to increase the feeding efficiency and immune response is fishes. The present study investigates the effects of varying levels of dietary fermented Aspergillus oryzae (0 g Kg-1 as control group, 10, 20 and 30 g Kg-1) on performance and hemato-immunological indices of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry. Common carp fry (n= 240, w= 4.56 ± 0.17 g) were supplied, randomly stocked in 12 aquaria and fed with experimentally diets for 7 week. The results revealed no significant differences between performance parameters of fermented A. oryzae fed test and control diets (P ˃ 0.05). Also, evaluation of haematological parameters (RBC, Hct, Hb) and white blood cell (WBC) counts showed no notable changes between experimental groups (P ˃ 0.05). However, respiratory burst activity was meaningfully higher in fish fed fermented A. oryzae compared control group (P < 0.05). The present results showed that possible effects of administration of fermented A. oryzae on immune responses in carp fry.<br /> https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_117403_88a9bbda12e04f2b51bb37a3833c0282.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Efficacy of neem seed extracts on developmental stages of Lernaea cyprinacea1864187011760410.22092/ijfs.2018.118925.ENA RaghavendraPeninsular Aquaculture Division of Central Institute of Fresh water Aquaculture, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore-560089, Karnataka, India.Ravainder Singh JaswalICARK.P HemaprasanthPeninsular Aquaculture Division of Central Institute of Fresh water Aquaculture, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore-560089, Karnataka, India.Soumya BevinamarICARJournal Article20160119The efficacy of neem against Lernaea cyprinacea was studied. Two types of neem seed powder, viz; (1) dried and powdered neem seeds and (2) solvent extracted neem seed powder prepared by treating dried seed powder with petroleum ether were used in the present study. Different types of extracts were prepared by separately solubilising both types of neem powder in (i) 1% NaCl solution and (ii) water at two temperatures (28 oC and 90oC). These extracts were tested at varying concentrations (10, 25, 50 and 100µg/ml) against Lernaea. Results indicated that neem seed powder treated with solvent and further solubilized with hot water (90 oC) at a concentration of 100µg/ml was effective in preventing the hatching of L.cyprinacea eggs and their further development. Nauplii and copepodid-I stages were also exposed to above mentioned neem seed extracts at a concentration of 100µg/ml. Nauplii became inactive within 2 hrs and copepodids died after 43 minutes exposure to solvent treated neem powder extracted with hot water. Fishes survived for an average period of 5 hrs and 30 min in all types of neem seed extracts except the one extracted with water at 28oC (both solvent treated and untreated neem seed powde https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_117604_668430a2ff63696abd1cfadada22437c.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Growth performance of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) larvae with feeding Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774) from different fermentation of animal manures2039205211760810.22092/ijfs.2018.123936.1005ENMahnaz RabbanihaIran Fisheries Sciences Research InstituteV Endar HerawatiAquaculture Department, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University. Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java, IndonesiaJournal Article20181029Tubifex tubifex is a natural feed for many fish species, which still relies on natural catches. High nutrient contents culture media is needed to increase the availability and quality of T. tubifex. The aim of this study was to investigate growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) larvae fed with T. tubifex cultured using different animal manures. Some profiles of T. tubifex nutrition (N, P, and K), Nile tilapia composition (proximate, essential amino acids, and fatty acids) fed with T. tubifex, Relative Growth Rate (RGR), Survival Rate (SR), biomass, feed intake, protein efficiency ratio, and water quality were analyzed. The results showed that tilapia fed with T. tubifex which cultured using various animal manures had a significant effect (p<0.05) on its nutrition, growth, biomass, and feed intake level compared to tilapia fed with T. tubifex which cultured without animal manures. However, it did not have significant effect in survival rate (p>0.05). The best treatment was obtained at T. tubifex cultured using 50 g/L of quail manure + 100 g L-1 of rice bran + 50 g L-1 of tofu waste (T2).https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_117608_ddd99cd4f3569be28406c74a1cb72f7c.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Bioflocculation technique for microalgal harvesting and wastewater nutrient recovery1780179411767410.22092/ijfs.2018.117674ENAmany Madkour0000-0002-1184-3607Hassan IbrahimWaleed El-SayedKhalid El-MoselhyJournal Article20170624Fungal assist microalgal cultivation is getting substantial considerations due to the highly efficiency of bioflocculation process without requirements of added chemicals and little bit energy input. So, Fungi pelletization-assisted microalgal cultivation were applied for improving algal harvesting process and nutrient recovery as step wise for wastewater treatment. Two strains of microalgae (Nannochloropsis salina and Chlorella salina) and three species of fungi (Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus) were used to evaluate the effect of fungi–algae pelletization process on wastewater recovery. After 48 hour of cultivation, the highest flocculation efficiency (98.9%) was recorded by A. fumigatus assist C. salina, while the lowest percentage (85.9%) recorded by A. niger assist N. Salina. The highest nutrient removal percentage was for nitrite by A. niger assist C. salina /tap water (98.4%) followed by phosphate A. fumigates assist N. salina/sea and tap water (90.9%), then ammonia by A. fumigates assist N. salina /seawater (89.5%).. This study concluded that the bioflocculation technique is a highly promising compared to traditional algal harvesting techniques and other biological wastewater treatment methods.https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_117674_f5da7037a04985b94be11b251d65007e.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Assessment of heavy metals pollution in muscle of sole (Cynoglossus arel), spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus) and sediments in the northern coasts of the Oman Sea during pre and post monsoon1638165611768110.22092/ijfs.2018.124017.1006ENA Mahdi AbkenerDepartment of Fisheries, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran.Journal Article20181105Concentrations of lead, copper, cadmium, and mercury were determined in sediments and two selected marine organisms (Cynoglossus arel and Panuliros homarus) collected from Jask Port, Darak Port, Pozm Port, Gulf of Chabahar and Gowatr Port in the north coasts of the Oman Sea during pre (spring) and post (autumn) monsoon in 2017. Heavy metals concentration were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results showed that there are statistically significant differences between studies concentrations in sediments during pre and post-monsoon at sample locations (p<0.05). Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference in the muscle of C. arel and P. homarus in pre and post-monsoon between the different sites (p<0.05), except for copper in the muscle of P. homarus in the post-monsoon (p>0.05). In sediments and muscle of C. arel and P. homarus the trend in the mean metal concentrations was: Cu> Pb> Cd> Hg; Cu> Pb> Cd> Hg and Cu> Hg=Pb> Cd, respectively. Also, the trend in the mean metal concentrations in the samples was sediment > P. homarus> C. arel. However, paired t-test analysis for comparing heavy metal concentration in pre and post-monsoon showed just a significant difference for cadmium in the muscle of P. homarus (p<0.01). Totally, by comparing the results obtained from this study indicated that the accumulation of lead, copper, cadmium, and mercury in sediments and muscle C. arel and P. homarus at the Gulf of Chabahar and Jask Port is higher than other regions of the Iranian coasts along the Oman Sea which studied in current research.https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_117681_092d8dc17ba432f022a9f16f4ebb63ee.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Effect of dietary selenium on growth performance, survival rate and biochemical-blood profile of farmed juvenile beluga (Huso huso)2077208811784510.22092/ijfs.2018.117845ENJournal Article20180702Beluga sturgeon (<em>Huso huso</em>), the largest freshwater fish, has attracted the attention of sturgeon culturists worldwide. The profitability of aquaculture beluga production mainly depends on physiologically suitable formulated diets. The objective of this research is to determine the optimal level of dietary selenium (Se) for beluga using the following parameters: growth performance traits (WG, SGR, PER, and FER), body proximate composition, and serum biochemical and immunological indices (glucose, total protein, Ig M, lysozyme, ALT and AST). To this aim beluga (n=315; with initial weight of 15.66±0.77 g) were fed with diets supplimented with sodium selenite (0.18, 5.43, 12.6, 24.3, 37.2, 71.4, and 144 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>) for 10 weeks. Unexpectedly, all of the parameters exhibited considerable responses to the applied levels of Se. Growth performance indices displayed the highest values for the animals treated with diets containing 12.6 and 24.3 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>Se, yet the lowest ones with71.4 and 144 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> (i.e., U-form response). Similar response was seen for crude lipid and protein content as well as for the activity of ALT and AST, whereas IgM and lysozyme did an anticline manner (i.e., the highest values in the midle Se levels). Moisture and ash contents and also serum total protein exhibited a Se-dose dependent increase. Based on the broken line regression model, optimal dietary Se requirement for juvenile beluga is about 18.2 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>. Taken together this study extends our knowledge on one of the most essential trace elements and its optimal level for incorporating into beluga diet. It could also be a basic one in the sturgeon aquaculture industery.https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_117845_f3472ab2e481472e6c905fb96f4b5c68.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Efficacy of dietary supplementation of Bacillus licheniformis and B. subtilis probiotics and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) on the hematological, immune response, and biochemical features of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) fingerlings2024203811784710.22092/ijfs.2018.117847ENJournal Article20181203A total of 2,400 Persian sturgeon fingerlings weighing 3.50-3.80 g were fed a diet composed of but different amounts of D-pro probiotics (<em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, <em>B. licheniformis</em> and yeast <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>). Fish were distributed in fiberglass tanks (1.80 × 1.80 × 60 cm) each containing 200 fish for 2 months. This research was conducted in Beheshti Sturgeon Hatchery Center, North Iran in the summer of 2016. The mean temperature of the water (21±2℃), pH (7.5±0.5), and aeration and oxygen concentration (6±0.5 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) were measured for 60 days. The calculated data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test. Duncan test was used for comparing the means of the treatment. Results suggest that adding probiotics and yeasts to the diet had a significant impact on the percentages of hematocrit (PCV %), neutrophils and lysozyme (<em>p</em><0.05). In addition, it was shown that the immunoglobulins in the T<sub>1 </sub>and T<sub>3</sub> increased relatively to the control group. The amount of C<sub>3 </sub>and C<sub>4</sub> complements were significantly increased by adding various sources of probiotics (<em>p</em><0.05). Moreover, in terms of immune and biochemical parameters of the mucus sample, the interleukin 1 (T<sub>1 </sub>and T<sub>2</sub>) and lectin (T<sub>1 </sub>and T<sub>3</sub>) factors were improved. Also, in mucus samples, alkaline phosphatase and GPX all values measured in treated fish were lower than control group in various levels. These results show that application of two bacilli in combination form plus yeast may provide a better efficacy on the Persian sturgeon immune status.<br /> <strong> </strong>https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_117847_caf8706130c94f117af1c169881b8aa5.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Ontogenetic development of the digestive system in Alburnus chalcoides larvae and juveniles2159217211791110.22092/ijfs.2018.117911ENMasrour Zakeri NasabstudentShahla JamiliSupervisorAlireza Vali PourSupervisorEhsan Ramezani FardAdvisorMohammadreza FatemiAdvisorJournal Article20170712The growth of the gastrointestinal tract of the larvae and juvenile of <em>Alburnus chalcoides</em> was studied after histological analysis using light microscopy, haematoxylin-eosin staining and the mouth development was scanned via electron microscopy. This study focuses on the morphology and histology of the mouth growth and digestive tract of <em>A. chalcoides</em> larvae to test the best weaning time for providing practical diet for fry based on the grade of their morphological aspects. It was observed that on the fifth day after hatching, the larvae mouth was opened. On the eighth day, the yolk sac was absorbed by two-thirds. On the same day, food is fed manually. Yolk sac was completely absorbed in 10th day. The histological base of the esophagus was formed by day 3. At day 3, the formation of enterocytes started. Also, the larvae hepatopancreas was formed on 5th day. According to the results, it was observed that after 8 days onwards, larvae of these fish can have a proper diet. At this day, the size of the mouth was 84 µm. when the lips were formed within 20 days and for the mouth angles 45ºand 90º, the food size for mouth, was 168 and 307 μm, respectively.https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_117911_6da8a1ae7ed3bfd9fe6e718666531841.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Effect of different carbohydrate-to-lipid ratios elicits growth, feed utilization, lipid deposition and lipogenic enzyme activity in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Sauvage, 1878) fingerlings1818182711792410.22092/ijfs.2018.117924ENMehdi AsemaniIFSRIJournal Article20170315This study evaluated the effects of diets containing various carbohydrate-to-lipid (CHO L<sup>-1</sup>) ratios on growth performance, nutrient utilization body indices and hepatic lipogenic enzyme (malic enzyme, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and fatty acid synthase) activities. Triplicategroups of <em>Pangasianodon</em><em>hypophthalmus</em> fingerlings were fed eight isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets with different carbohydrate-to-lipid ratios (0.51, 0.79, 1.12, 1.79, 2.41, 3.24, 4.43 and 7.62). Higher body fat deposition and lower growth performance were observed in <em>P. hypophthalmus</em> fingerlings fed with high-lipid diet than those fed with high-carbohydrate diet. The fish fed the diet with 7.62 CHO L<sup>-1</sup> ratio exhibited significantly (<em>p </em><0.05) higher hepatosomatic index compared to those fed higher lipid diets (0.51 and 0.79). High dietary carbohydrate level significantly increased (<em>p <</em>0.05) the activities of malic, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and fatty acid synthase enzyme. Based on the second-order polynomial regression analysis of weight gain, the optimal dietary carbohydrate and lipid contents for <em>P. hypophthalmus</em> fingerlingwere 304 and 103 g kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, which correspond to a dietary CHO L<sup>-1</sup> ratio of 2.95.https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_117924_f0c50cbbc7265464d468200b53c5e881.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Nutrient removal from aquaculture effluent using settling ponds and filter-feeding species (Amphibalanus amphitrite and Saccostrea cucullata): an in-situ study1981199311792510.22092/ijfs.2018.117925ENAhmadreza KohanShahid Beheshti UniversityAli NasrolahiShahid Beheshti UniversityKhosrow AeinjamshidIran Shrimp Research Centre (ISRC)Bahram H. KiabiShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal Article20171112The potential application of settling ponds and two fouling filter-feeder species <em>Amphibalanus amphitrite</em> and <em>Saccostrea cucullata</em> to bioremediate semi-intensive shrimp farm effluent through 6 hours residence time was investigated. Settling pond reduced total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chlorophyll <em>a</em> to 80.5%, 77.8% and 94.3% of the initial concentrations (2.47±0.07 mg L<sup>-1</sup>, 0.154±0.006 mg L<sup>-1</sup>, and 24.44±2.02 µg L<sup>-1</sup>), respectively. Among <em>S. cucullata</em>, <em>A. amphitrite</em> and combination of both species, oysters showed the highest efficiency in nutrient removal. Total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chlorophyll <em>a</em> diminished respectively to 70.6%, 67.7% and 40.9% of the initial concentrations in oyster treatments. These proportions were respectively 81.5%, 63.2% and 72.4% for ponds containing barnacles, and 69.3%, 71.2% and 44.9% of the initial amounts in the combination of the two species treatment. Among three different densities used for treatments, medium density of oysters (0.54 oyster per liter) showed comparable effectiveness in nutrients and phytoplankton removal to the high density. Lower ammonia production along with imposing less costs and effort, as well as relatively equal ability; suggest the medium density of <em>S. cucullata </em>as the most suitable choice. Our results suggest that applying settlement ponds, and particularly with filter-feeder species such as <em>S. cucullata</em>, might mitigate the adverse impacts of shrimp wastewater, including coastal eutrophication, on adjacent ecosystems.https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_117925_62db525e53069b6b2d44735807d6c4a4.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Use of solid state fermented bambaranut meal as substitute of fishmeal in the diets of African catfish Clarias gariepinus1889191011798110.22092/ijfs.2018.119856.ENUche EnyidiMichael Okpara Universityhttps://orcid.org/00Oscar EdiomoJournal Article20171108The use of plant proteins in substituting fishmeal (FM) is mitigated by several anti nutritional factors (ANF) like phytic acid, non starch polysaccharides and protease inhibitors. Fermentation of the plant ingredients can reduce the ANF and improve feed utilization and growth rate of fish. We produced five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets using solid state fermented bambaranut meal (BNM). Fermented BNM substituted FM in diets of African catfish <em>Clarias gariepinus. </em>The FM: BNM inclusion percentages of the diets were, F1, 50:5; F2, 35:20; F3, 20:35; F4, 5:50 and F5, 0:56. There was a control feed labelled as F6. Feed F6 was a variant of F1 but with non fermented BNM. Fingerling African catfish <em>C. gariepinus</em> with average weight 5.14±0.05 g were fed with the diets for 56 days. Specific growth rate (SGR) was best for the catfish fed with F1, 7.82±0.25 % day<sup>-1</sup>, followed by those fed with F6, 7.35±0.24 % day<sup>-1</sup>. There were, however, no differences in SGR of F2, 7.26±0.18 % day<sup>-1</sup> and F6. The food conversion ratio was lowest and best for the catfish fed with F1, 1.24±0.19 and F2 1.34±0.06. The growth and nutritional performance of fish fed with F2 were as good as F1 and cost-effective. Feeds made from fermented BNM had better FCR than those from raw BNM. Fermentation increased the protein and amino acid content of the BNM and the catfish gained more weight than from raw BNM. The effects of ANF seem to be highly reduced in solid-state fermented BNM thereby enhancing catfish growth.https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_117981_e01cbb0868d00c50fba06317747b995f.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Investigation of solid removal in Cornell design tank using submerged vanes1808181711800710.22092/ijfs.2018.118908.ENMasoud Sajedi SabeghIran Fisheries Research InstituteHossein AbdolhayPuttra MalaysiaMojtaba SaneieAbbas MatinfaruJournal Article20151226Many scientists have studied on water quality and solid removal at Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS), but the solid removal problem did not solve completely yet. This paper, is based on experimental data on a cylindrical tank in diameter of 0.53 m and height of 0.17 m and inlet flow using six nozzles in 2 mm diameter to determine solid removal efficiency by comparison with some different scenarios. The results indicate that using submerged vanes on the bed of the tank can improve removal of solid particles. In this paper 10 different scenarios compared and some of them showed more effectiveness on solid removal. The number of submerged vanes in the outer pyramid of the bed of the tank, necessarily does not reduce the amount of sediment discharge efficiency, and the location of every vane makes a special impact on the context of hydraulic conditions and solid removal as well.https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_118007_498a0a7712bf3fb60c17f5ebbf84a447.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Assessment of bioremediation potential of Microcystis aeruginosa for removal of cadmium and lead ions from aqueous matrices1994200911801110.22092/ijfs.2018.119887.ENJavad CheraghpourScience and Research University of FarsZahra EtemadifarUniversity of IsfahanSaeed AfsharzadehUniversity of IsfahanNima BahadorScience and Research University of FarsJournal Article20171202Capability of cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, isolated from effluent of a wastewater stabilization pond, for removal of cadmium and lead ions was investigated. Variation of removal efficiency as a function of metal concentration, pH, temperature and biomass dosage was studied. Also, use of closed reflux digestion technique as an innovative option for decomposition of cyanobacterial pellet was studied. A multi-phase washing method was developed in order to attain more elevated desorption efficiency. Maximum removal efficiency occurred in pH 7, temperature 28°C and biomass dosage 0.2g for Cd2+ and corresponding values of 6, 25°C and 0.1g for Pb2+. In all tested concentrations of lead and cadmium, extracellular absorption overweighed intracellular uptake with highest ratio of former to later of 172 for Cd2+and 143 for Pb2+. EC50 values attained for Cd2+and pb2+were respectively 20mg/l and 15mg/l. Closed-reflux digestion method was found as a good option for cyanobacterial pellet digestion. Three-stage consecutive washing procedure devised in our study gave desorption efficiencies of 92 and 86 percent for Cd2+ and Pb2+ respectively as compared with values of 52 and 44 percent for Cd2+ and pb2+ obtained by conventional washing procedure. This investigation verifies possibility of employing Microcystis aeruginosa for removal of Cd2+ and Pb2+ from aqueous and wastewater solutions.https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_118011_a14a726ac50c6b70d86706d0816142a9.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Developing organizational entrepreneurship to advance fisheries' economic and social goals1850186311804110.22092/ijfs.2018.118041ENHossein Samadi-MiarkolaeiYoung Researcher ClubHamzeh Samadi-MiarkolaeiScience and Research Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityHassanali AghajaniUniversity of Mazandaran,Journal Article20141116Organizational entrepreneurship is a process during which organizations recognize growth and development opportunities and create new values for customers through innovation and resource re-allocation. Besides, a variety of factors affect organizations' entrepreneurship capacity. In fact, the present paper aims to identify and rank effective factors on organizational entrepreneurship in Mazandaran province's Fisheries Organization through applied, descriptive – survey methodology. Research population is composed of management and entrepreneurship experts and professionals of Mazandaran Fisheries Organization. This paper, first, reviews related literature. Then, effective factors on entrepreneurship are identified and classified into three groups (behavioral, structural, environmental factors). Required data is collected through Delphi's Questionnaire and pair comparisons and are analyzed using Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) and Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP). Results indicate that effective factors on entrepreneurship are prioritized as: behavioral factors, structural factors and environmental factors. It is clear that organizational entrepreneurship is an important concept advantages of which have emerged more significantly, during recent years, to many organizations, firms and business agencies in various subsections such as industry, agriculture and Fishery and this provides organizations with a variety of social and economic benefits.https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_118041_6d8c8aa1ccff4e9d096285bb5b6416c6.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Effects of the use of feeds containing phytase enzyme from different protein sources on nitrogen and phosphorus discharge of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles2089210511808510.22092/ijfs.2019.118085ENOrhan DEMİRIsparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Eğirdir Fisheries, Aquaculture Department, Isparta, TurkeyA YilayazMinistry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Mediterranean Fisheries Research Institute, Antalya, TurkeyJournal Article20190108In this study, the effects of diets (D<sub>1-3</sub>) including fish meal (FM), hazelnut meal (HM), soybean meal (SM), and phytase enzyme [- (0),+(1000 FTU)] in varying rates (D<sub>1-</sub>, D<sub>1+</sub>; D<sub>2-</sub>, D<sub>2+</sub>; D<sub>3-</sub>, D<sub>3+</sub>) were examined on nitrogen and phosphorus discharge based on the nutrition of rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>) juveniles. The study was conducted in tanks with 3 replicates for each group. In this trial, it was found that the differences among total-particle nitrogen, particle phosphorus, and total solid waste values released from the rainbow trout groups were insignificant; however, the differences between the values of total-dissolved phosphorus and dissolved nitrogen released were found significant (<em>p </em><0.05).The interactions among the factors were determined as insignificant (<em>p </em>>0.05). Moreover, although there were increases in the total and dissolved phosphorus and dissolved nitrogen discharge in all groups fed with diets including phytase, the particle phosphorus discharge decreased (<em>p </em><0.05). Based on the decrease in the amounts of hazelnut meal and soybean meal used in the diets, it was determined that there was a decrease in the amount of dissolved phosphorus released to the environment; besides, it was determined that it led to an increase in the amount of released dissolved phosphorus in all groups fed with diets containing phytase enzyme (<em>p </em><0.05). https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_118085_eee37363b6c3193480e3f32f8fc88229.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Effects of various lengths of starvation on body parameters and meat composition in intensively reared pikeperch (Sander lucioperca L.)2062207611809510.22092/ijfs.2019.118095ENJournal Article20190109The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of various lengths of starving periods on weight changes of different body parts and on chemical composition of the pike perch fillets. Forty cultured, market size (average bodyweight: 732.2±129.8 g), pikeperch of mixed sex were divided into 5 groups (n=8 in each), where one group were sampled at the starting time as a farm control, two groups were continuously fed for 3 and 6 weeks before slaughter, and the experimental groups were withdrawn from feed for 3 and 6 weeks before slaughter. Slaughter took place without any stress caused by transport or waiting times. Body parameters such as total body weights and the weights of 10 differentiated body parts, namely the gonad, the alimentary canal, the liver, the abdominal fat, the vertebral with unmatched fins, the head with the double fins, the two side fillets and the skins of both side fillets were monitored during the experimental period in each group. All body parts were defined and compared as the percentages of the total body weights. The chemical compositions of the fillets were examined by Weende analysis, thus dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash were measured. Increasing the length of the starving period reduced the body weight, mainly due to losses in intraperitoneal fat, although decreased fillet weights were found, caused by the depression of the intramuscular fat.https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_118095_06d4250b14ad99ad5307be42c4728e6f.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of C-phycocyanin from common name Spirulina platensis1911192711812910.22092/ijfs.2019.118129ENReza SafariPhD studentZeynab Raftani AmiriAssociate ProfessorReza Esmaeilzadeh KenariAssociate ProfessorJournal Article20161210In this study, the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of C-phycocyanin (C-PC) from <em>Spirulina platensis</em> were evaluated. The extraction and purification of C-PC were carried out using lyzosyme and ammonium sulphate precipitation, respectively. DPPH radical-scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)and Fe<sup>2+</sup>-chelating activity were used for evaluation of antioxidant properties of C-PC. Antibacterial activity was also performed using agar well diffusion and microdilution [minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC)]. The selected bacteria were <em>Escherichia coli</em>,<em> Staphylococcus aureus</em>,<em> Listeria monocytogenes</em>,<em> Streptococcus iniae</em> and <em>Yersinia ruckeri</em>. The results showed that the biomass production was 1120 mg L<sup>-1</sup> and C-PC concentration in crude extracts and purified by (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> were also 1.815 and 3.75 mg ml<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The results of DPPH, FRAP and Fe<sup>2+</sup>-chelating activitiesof C-PC was 45.75%, 0.051 mg TAE g<sup>-1</sup> and 40.23% at zero time and 41.56%, 0.046 mg TAE g<sup>-1</sup> and 36.56% after 60 days at -18°C, respectively. The results of agar well diffusion indicated that <em>L. monocytogenes</em> and <em>S. </em><em>iniae</em> were the most sensitive and resistant, respectively among examined bacteria in different concentrations of C-PC (0- 25 µg ml<sup>-1</sup>) and the mean of inhibition zones were also 7.50-22.11mm. The results of MIC and MBC of C-PC (as µg ml<sup>-1</sup>) were 50-500 and 100-500, respectively. As a conclusion, C-PC from <em>S. platensis</em> had high potential of antioxidant activity <em>in vitro</em> and it can be used as natural antioxidants in variety of foods. Antibacterial activity of C-PC was lower than other algal pigments (such as astaxanthin and C-PC in other cyanobacteria).https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_118129_3b04c499c283f68d2c9c92c8d59dc1f7.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Effects of salinity and temperature on the metabolic and immune parameters of the banana shrimp Fenneropenaeus merguiensis (De Man, 1988)2010202311813110.22092/ijfs.2019.119888.ENJournal Article20171203This study investigated the activities of metabolic and immune enzyme in the hepatopancreas and muscle of Fenneropenaeus merguiensis at different salinities (10 ‰, 15 ‰, 20 ‰, 25 ‰, and 30 ‰) and temperatures (21 °C, 24 °C, 27 °C, 30 °C, and 33 °C). Results showed that glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activities in the hepatopancreas were the highest at salinity 20 ‰(p <0.05). The GOT and Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities in the muscle were the highest at salinity 25 ‰(p <0.05). The GOT and GPT activities in the hepatopancreas at 24 ºC were significantly higher than those at other temperatures (p <0.05). The highest SDH activity in the muscle was observed at 27 ºC(p <0.05). Different the immune enzymes different enzyme showed different responses to salinity and temperature. The highest SOD activities in the hepatopancreas, and the highest ACP activity in the muscle were observed at temperature 24°C (p <0.05). The highest acid phosphatase (ACP) activity in the muscle were recorded at 24°C (p <0.05). By contrast, the lowest ACP activities in the hepatopancreas and muscle were observed at salinities 25 ‰ and 20 ‰, respectively (p <0.05). These results indicated that suitable salinity and temperature can increase the metabolic enzyme activities, but the relationship of immune enzymes activities and ambient conditions is indeterminate.https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_118131_77daf1008f51147707a4df352997ea9f.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Influence of dietary nucleotides on growth performance and stress resistance in Kutum (Rutilus kutum Kamenskii, 1901)1708172711813310.22092/ijfs.2019.118133ENHossein AnvariFarDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.O. Box: 578, Sari 4818168984, Iran.Abdolsamad Keramat AmirkolaieDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.O. Box: 578, Sari 4818168984, Iran.Hamed Pak NezhadFaculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49138-15739, Iran.Hossein OurajiDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.O. Box: 578, Sari 4818168984, Iran.Journal Article20171029A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary nucleotide (NT) on growth performance and stress resistance of fry kutum. A basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 g NT kg-1 to formulate four experimental diets. After 8 weeks of feeding trial, growth parameters were evaluated and then fish exposed to osmotic stress. To elucidate the underlying physiological mechanisms, cortisol, apoptosis and HSP70 levels were measured at selected times of 0, 2 h, 8 h and 24 h after the osmotic shock. Results shown dietary NT feed exerts a positive effect on the growth performance of kutum fries and fish fed with 0.7 g NT kg-1 had the highest final weight compared with other treatments (p <0.05). Results of HSP70 showed that fish fed with NT had higher levels of HSP70 expression. Also, the levels of HSP70 at 2 h increased significantly, 3-7-fold over baseline levels (0 h) and then decreased significantly at 24 h, however HSP70 levels at 24 h was 1-3-fold over baseline levels. Apoptosis and cortisol values were affected by dietary NT levels and all NT groups showed lower stress-induced apoptosis and cortisol elevation, compared to control group.https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_118133_8a712409fb2620b1786a4d7a494dab0f.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Bio-sorption of ammonium ions by dried red marine algae (Gracilaria persica): Application of response surface methodology1967198011815210.22092/ijfs.2019.118152ENA JafariDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Km 9 Darya Boulevard, P.O. Box, 578, Sari, IranA Keramat AmirkolaieDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Km 9 Darya Boulevard, P.O. Box, 578, Sari, IranH OrajiDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Km 9 Darya Boulevard, P.O. Box, 578, Sari, IranM KoushaDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Km 9 Darya Boulevard, P.O. Box, 578, Sari, IranJournal Article20190116The bio-sorption of ammonium ions using red marine macroalga Gracilaria persica were investigated by response surface methodology. The sorbent was characterized by SEM and FTIR analysis. The influence of various operating parameters such as ammonium concentration (mg L-1), initial solution pH and alga biomass dosage (g L-1) was optimized using Box–Behnken design. A second-order polynomial model successfully described the effects of independent variables on the ammonium ions removal. At the optimum conditions, the maximum removal efficiency was achieved at 100.01 %. The kinetic results also demonstrated that the bio-sorption of ammonium ions by the dried microalga followed well pseudo-second-order kinetics. FTIR results showed that amide, aliphatic and carbonyl groups might be responsible for the adsorption of ammonium ions in aqueous solution by dried G. persica biomass.https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_118152_588608bf7ca119897a8fbe23eac88547.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Effect of dietary supplementation of Padina astraulis (Hauk) extract on biochemical response and digestive enzyme activities of grey mullet, Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus)2118212711817310.22092/ijfs.2019.118173ENParia Akbaryuniversity of tehranNaser ShahrakiJournal Article20160825This study was aimed to assess the effect methanol extract from Padina astraulis (Hauk) on biochemical response and digestive enzyme activities in grey mullet Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus). A control diet without and a series of experimental diets were prepared with supplementation of P.astraulis extract (PE diet) at the inclusion level of 5, 10 and 15 g kg-1 diet. Three hundred sixty grey mullet with an initial mean weight of 0.82 g were randomly distributed into twelve tanks and fed twice a day (09:00 and 17:00) for 60 days. After 60 days of the feeding trial, no different was observed in survival between control and PE supplemented groups (P>0.05).Dietary PE significantly increased serum total protein, globulin levels and amylase, lipase and protease enzyme activities in treated fish (P<0.05). Moreover, there was significant decline (P<0.05) in cholesterol, glucose and triglyceride levels in those fish which received PE diet over the control. The present study elucidates the suitability of P. astraulis extract as a novel dietary supplement in grey mullet diet for improving metabolism of lipid and carbohydrate and enhancing digestive enzyme activities in grey mullet.https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_118173_70bd6db60b947a4b7ff333465546c8f5.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Aeromonas hydrophila, one reason causing the death of freshwater crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852)1770177911828210.22092/ijfs.2019.118282ENYong ZengCollege of Life Sciences, Yantai UniversityJournal Article20141124Procambarus clarkii crayfish has been developed as an excellent animal model to study the characteristics and pathogenesis of white spot syndrome virus and the host defense mechanisms of crustacean. However, due to the crayfish being infected by pathogens in the farms in China, the research based on this model has been slowed down. Using triplex polymerase chain reaction, we found the virulence Aeromonas hydrophila was one reason that caused the death of crayfish. The isolated AH-3 produced 100% mortalities with 3-24h after inoculation of 1×106 colony-forming units of live cells per crayfish at 20℃.https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_118282_0c3fbf5dd15917c86585135da2924fa2.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Strategic planning for optimal development of aquaculture in coastal areas of Qeshm Island1728174811832210.22092/ijfs.2019.119278.ENMortaza ZareiPhD studentMohammad Reza FatemiMember of Research staffMohammad Seddigh MortazaviMember of Research staffSharareh Pour EbrahimMember of Research staffJamal GhoddousiMember of Research staffJournal Article20161029The economic growing of aquaculture and dependence of a large amount of growing population to coastal resource has led to coastal degradation and reduced resources. In this paper while realizing the potential capacities of the islands systems, it's specially discusses the activities of aquaculture in the framework of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). Therefore, in this study, firstly, the environment's internal strategic factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats) were identified. Thereafter, Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Super Decision Software in SWOT matrix were used to evaluate and prioritize these factors, as well as to develop several proposed strategies. Using a designed network model, the proposed strategies were weighted and the main strategies of the evaluation matrix were ranked. In this study, the Qeshm Island as the largest island in the Persian Gulf was identified as the study area. The results showed that the most efficient strategies to optimal development of aquaculture use of coastal areas of Qeshm Island are: strategies of Using objectives, policies, plans of aquaculture and hunting Aquatic to build and strengthen of sustainable aquaculture these users in the region, Building and strengthening comprehensive aquaculture plan for conservation of natural marine resources in the framework of ICZM, Creating and development of infrastructure facilities and infrastructure aquaculture in order to create optimum user of the lands, Allocate adequate funding to achieve conservation programs and user development of aquaculture and environmental protection involved in (ST) strategies.<br /> https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_118322_1a7e3e72431672419fb44ed1d4fba84f.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Toxicity mechanisms of chlorpyrifos on tissues of rainbow trout and brown trout: Evaluation of oxidative stress responses and acetylcholinesterase enzymes activity2106211711857410.22092/ijfs.2019.119763.ENArzu Uçarfacutly of fisheriesVeysel Parlakfacutly of fisheries0000-0002-3459-7963Gonca Alakfacutly of fisheriesMuhammed Atamanalpfacutly of fisheriesJournal Article20170920Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is used intensively as an insecticides. There is a high risk of interference with the aquatic environment due to unconscious use and has a negative effect on especially fish. In this study, the reactions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) exposed to the same pollutants were compared. Fish were exposed to different concentrations of CPF (0.25, 0.5, and 1 µg/l) through 21 days. After the process oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) and neurotoxic markers (acetylcholinesterase (AChE)) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. CPF exposure led to a significant change in the enzyme activities. AChE decreased in all tissue (p <0.05). SOD, CAT, G6PD, GR, GST, GPx and MDA levels showed tissue-specific activities (p <0.05). These results put forward a close relationship between AChE inhibition and chlorpyrifos concentrations.https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_118574_75727c24af521ebd511cf05d9f213587.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Seasonal biochemical response in two aquaculture species (Sparus aurata and Dicentrarchus labrax).11859310.22092/ijfs.2019.119854.ENFRANCESCO FAZIODepartment of Veterinary Sciences,University of MessinaCONCETTA SAOCADepartment of Veterinary Sciences,University of MessinaGIANLUCA FORTINOUniversity of MessinaGIUSEPPE PICCIONEDepartment of Veterinary Sciences,University of MessinaALESSANDRO ZUMBODepartment of Veterinary Sciences,University of MessinaJournal Article20171107The aim of this research was to evaluate the changes of some biochemical parameters in response to environmental variation in two important species of fish of great commercial value reared in Sicily. The study, carried out on 200 fish (100 Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 and 100 Dicentrarchus labrax Linnaeus, 1758), lasted 12 months. Each season, blood samples were collected during summer solstice, autumn equinox, winter solstice and spring equinox. For each time point, 25 Sparus aurata and 25 Dicentrarchus labrax were used and always randomly captured by the same batches from tanks. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test, was used to evaluate the influence of different season on serum protein profile, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, calcium, magnesium, triglycerides and total cholesterol. The results showed the seasonal influence on biometric and biochemical parameters studied in S. aurata and D. labrax and that seasonal cycles can differently affects fish in several biological and physiological activities. These results could represent a valid contribution in the study of the linkage between metabolic parameters, seasonal variations and biometric indices in cultured fish to improve the management and technological support of aquaculture.<br /> https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_118593_133e3308406836affb8891977299f4c5.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701The effect of lipid-enriched Artemia franciscana on reproductive performance of broodstock and larval quality of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei1928194311860710.22092/ijfs.2019.119528.ENMohammad Nabi AdlooIslamic Azad University, Bandar AbbasJournal Article20170427Broodstock maturation diets are an important component of shrimp hatchery management, since the nutritional status of spawners can impact on gonadal maturation, egg fecundity, embryo hatchability and overall larval quality. The ability to manipulate the biochemical composition of Artemia to deliver key nutrients to cultured animals has rendered their inclusion in broodstock feeds increasingly common. Lipid enrichment of Artemia to boost their unsaturated fatty acid content is a standard procedure. During this study, frozen, lipid-enriched adult Artemia were fed to Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock to investigate the suitability of enriched Artemia as maturation diet for the species and elucidate the role of essential fatty acids in the reproductive performance of the shrimp. Four lipid enrichment levels: PUFA (P group), MUFA (M group), HUFA (H1 and H2 groups), un-enriched (NE group), No-Artemia (NA group), were fed to L. vannamei over 45 days. Significant differences in weight gain and specific growth rate were observed. Greatest mean SGR was recorded for shrimp of diet P-group as well as greatest mean final weight on day 45, while the lowest mean SGR was found for shrimp fed Diet NA. The fecundity of the broodstock shrimp fed diets either H1 or H2 increased compared to the shrimps fed NA (p <0.05). A significant differences in the hatching rate was observed. Changes in gonado-somatic index (GSI) of broodstock during ovarian maturation was very pronounced, but hepato-somatic index (HSI) changes was not significantly different between the broodstock groupshttps://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_118607_05c102c2c0c2780c6fe01acc41167b5e.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Total admissible catches and experimental fishing quotas in the pink lobster (Palinurus mauritanicus, Gruvel 1911): A new opportunity for economic development in West Africa?2053206111878010.22092/ijfs.2019.118780ENE.A KaneLaboratory of Social and Economic Studies-Mauritanian Institute of Oceanographic Research and Fisheries (IMROP), BP 22, Nouadhibou, MauritanieA.C BallLaboratory of Social and Economic Studies-Mauritanian Institute of Oceanographic Research and Fisheries (IMROP), BP 22, Nouadhibou, MauritanieP BrehmerIRD, Univ Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, Lemar, 29280, Plouzané, FranceJournal Article20190406Over the last thirty years, the poor state of certain fish stocks in the Large Marine Ecosystem of the Canary Current gradually revealed the limits of the West African fisheries management. The Ecosystem Approach advocated in Mauritania, calls to change the perception of fisheries management to incorporate participatory management considerations total admissible catches (TACs) and fishing quotas. An experiment around, a total allowable capture of 800 tons of pink lobster (<em>Palinurus mauritanicus</em>) is at the heart of this approach using methodological tools of analysis / assessment of the economic performance of crawfish exploratory fishery. Survey results show that during the period from February 2015 to January 2016, the fishery was based on a total of 23 vessels. 52% is held by Mauritanian and the rest is chartered with European (EU) ship owners. The capture of the Mauritanian fishery is significantly higher than that of the European Union, respectively 393 tons against 390 tons. 98% of the overall production volume is in live lobsters, mainly for the European market. This production generated sales of 4.26 billion MRO Affairs. Overall, experimental rock lobster industry is an important macroeconomic activity. The Turnover (CA) represents approximately 5% of revenue from exports of the Mauritanian Fish Marketing Company in 2015 (US $ 268 million) and 13% of fishing GDP in 2014 (33.47 billion MRO, BCM 2015). Over two thirds of this amount (3.62 billion MRO) is generated by the (VA) Added Value 85% of turnover. The VA created by Mauritanian operators is 10% more than the VA created by European operators. The Fixed Annual Costs and the Estimated Gross Excess (FACEGE) represents 1.3 MRO billion or 32% of sales. More than half (MRO 896.6 million) in FACEGE is generated by Mauritanian. Experimental lobster industry creates 557 direct and indirect jobs. These jobs represent 10% of the industrial fishing jobs, globally estimated at 3764 Live 2014. It is estimated that the Mauritanian segment creates 25% more jobs than the European segment. This assessment of socio-economic performance of the exploratory fishery in Mauritania lobster is a first step towards a deeper understanding of its cost structure and its dynamics, necessary for the management of TACs and fishing quotas.https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_118780_a199b9c20a9173d574ed9b47afe2f236.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Probiotic potential of Lactobacillus sp. strains capable of phytate breakdown isolated from dairy products for using in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) diet1690170711880210.22092/ijfs.2019.118802ENS.Z AbediDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, IranS YeganehDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, IranF MoradianDepartment of Basic Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, IranH OurajiDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, IranJournal Article20190408This research investigated the feasibility of using three strains <em>Lactobacillus </em>sp. viz. AM11, AM13, and AM14 previously isolated from dairy products to be used as probiotics in fish diet for phytase production. The bacteria grown in oxygenated media, bile salt, acid and supernatant of digestive tract were examined for their antibiotic resistance and non-pathogenicity for using in fish feed. Results indicated that the isolates might be attractive candidates as probiotic strains in rainbow trout. All strains were capable of growth and produced phytase in a pH range from 3.0 to 8.0. The isolated strains were also resistant in bile salts and supernatant of digestive tract. No mortality has been observed in the fish injected by bacterial strains. No bacterial growth has observed in the liver, kidney and spleen media after 24 h. Therefore, the examined <em>Lactobacillus</em> strains were non-pathogenic. Due to the low resistance of these strains to tetracycline (antibiotic), it is suggested to avoid using tetracycline in rainbow trout farms when the bacterial strains are used as probiotic. According to the results, the three isolated resistant strains can be employed as probiotics in fish feed.https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_118802_e6037c0e0a9c36a96232215373b1da09.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Assessment the effects of physiochemical parameters on water ecological quality using indices based on macro-invertebrates communities in the Karaj and Jajrood rivers1871188811900910.22092/ijfs.2019.119009ENP TabanDepartment of Environmental science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranA AbdoliDepartment of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, Environmental Sciences Research institute. Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranN KhorasaniDepartment of Environmental science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJ AazamiDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, IranJournal Article20190519This is the first study with the greatest number of multimetric indices calculated in Iran to assess water quality at Jajrood and Karaj protected rivers. Given the point that these rivers supply [X1] a large portion of Tehran's drinking water, the present study aims at determining ecological quality of these rivers based on a suitable biotic index among these indices. Physicochemical and macro-invertebrate samples were collected with three replications during three consecutive years from 19 stations with a Surber sampler. In the Jajrood River, macroinvertebrates with 6667 abundance belong to 22 families and in the Karaj River, macro-invertebrates with 13,246 abundance belong to 24 families have been identified. The most appropriate time for sampling is in summer because of the existence maximum abundance and diversity of macroinvertebrates. The results of CCA have been shown physicochemical parameters TSS, EC, pH, and BOD have the most effect on the distribution of macroinvertebrates. Among the 16 biotic indices, the FBI index in Karaj River and the BMWP/ASPT index in the Jajrood River are the most reliable indices for assessing the water quality. The results showed that point pollution sources (orchards, restaurants and villages) and nonpoint sources (tourism activities and recreational area) have the most negative impact on the ecosystem of these two rivers. Results of water quality assessment have been shown the changes in ecological quality of water due to human activities; therefore, it is necessary to increase control and management of pollutant sources to improve the water quality of these two rivers.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_119009_50211a96263592ffb42fcd89ae7fd846.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Growth performance, hepatic function parameters, histological changes of Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) and oxidative stability index of feed following dietary administration of Mix-Oil2128214112058110.22092/ijfs.2019.120581ENA Bababaalian AmiriDepartment of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranG Azari TakamiDepartment of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranM AfsharnasabDepartment of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranA ZargarDepartment of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20191208The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of <em>Mix Oil</em> (including: <em>Thymus vulgaris</em> (%0.5), <em>Oreganum vulgare</em> (2%) and <em>Eucalyptus </em>spp (2.5%) essential oils) on growth performance, hepatic function parameters, tissue changes of rainbow trout andoxidative stability index of trout feed. Four groups of trout fish (with average weight 31.0±0.1 g) were fed with four diets containing: 0, 50, 200 and 400 ppm of <em>Mix-Oil</em> for 8 weeks. SGR, ADG, CF, TGC, DGC, RGR and BWI were significantly higher and also FCR significantly lower were observed in 200 and 400 ppm groups compared to 50 ppm and control groups (<em>p </em><0.05). Significant increase in PER, LER, FCE and RFI in fish fed with 200 and 400 ppm <em>Mix-Oil</em> were observed compared with control and 50 ppm groups (<em>p </em><0.05), while, no significant differences having been observed among different treatments in terms of AST and ALT level (<em>p </em>>0.05). An increase in the number of hematopoietic cells in the kidney and significant increase in the length of the intestinal villous and the number of related epithelium cells having been seen in the 400 ppm treatment group compared to the other studied treatment groups (<em>p </em><0.05). By increasing the concentration of<em> Mix-Oil</em>, trout feed resistance has increased against oxidation. Although, the observed increments were only statistically significant in the 200 and 400 ppm <em>Mix-Oil </em>(<em>p </em><0.05) compared to 50 ppm and control groups. The results suggested that dietary administration of <em>Mix-Oil</em> at the level of 400 ppm could improve growth performance of rainbow trout as well as increase the feed stability. https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_120581_7509cb6457d9c89c87fcf5b8b476a5ab.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701The first comparative study on the growth performance of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L. 1758) and gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata, L. 1758) commercially farmed in low salinity brackish water and earthen ponds1681168912144610.22092/ijfs.2020.121446ENO. AltanEge University Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture, 35100 Bornova – Izmir, TurkeyJournal Article20200426In this study, 50 000 European seabass and 50 000 gilthead seabream with an average wet weight of 1.6 g were cultivated during 600 days under low water salinity conditions (7‰) of which getting out from underground at fixed 19°C, being produced in earthen ponds under commercial production conditions. From the beginning to the end of the experiment, the same fish feeds were used for both species throughout the study, and when European seabass reached 328.4±22.98 g, gilthead seabream reached to 369.12±24.11 g. At the end of the experiment, while the feed conversion rate (FCR) was calculated as 1.72±0.06 for European sea bass, it was calculated 1.53±0.03 for gilthead sea bream. Protein efficiency ratios were 1.24±0.17 for European seabass, and 1.40±0.06 for gilthead seabream. Significant differences were found between two species in terms of live weight and FCR (<em>p</em><0.05), while no difference was found related to the specific growth rate (<em>p</em>>0.05). The results showed that gilthead seabream taken into earthen ponds and low salinity brackish water was able to reach 300 g and over live weight with faster and lower FCR values compared to European sea bass in the certain time. https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_121446_83793cfcb3725616b76c487a55e588f9.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Estimation of biomass, carbon stocks and soil sequestration of Gowatr mangrove forests, Gulf of Oman1657168012148410.22092/ijfs.2020.121484ENA. SavariMarine Science and Technology of Khorramshahr University, Faculty of Marine Science and Oceanography, Khorramshahr, IranM. KhaleghiChabahar University of Maritime and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Marine Biology, Chabahar, IranA.R. SafahiehMarine Science and Technology of Khorramshahr University, Faculty of Marine Science and Oceanography, Khorramshahr, IranM. Hamidian PourUniversity of Sistan and Baluchestan, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Planning, Zahedan, IranS. GhaemmaghamiMarine Science and Technology of Khorramshahr University, Faculty of Marine Science and Oceanography, Khorramshahr, IranJournal Article20200504The mangrove forest ecosystem is known to possess a variety of ecosystem services, including high rates of carbon sequestration, storage and mitigating climate change through reduced deforestation. This study was carried out in the mangrove forests of Gowatr Bay, Gulf of Oman during 2017-18 to quantify biomass and carbon stocks of all components of this forest, including live and dead trees, soil, pneumatophores, herbaceous and litter in three stations during post-monsoon and pre-monsoon. We examined that biomass, carbon stocks and soil carbon varied significantly with spatial locations (<em>p</em><0.05) abut not with seasons (<em>p</em>>0.05). The mean of biomass and carbon stock were estimated 125.54±19.31 and 129.21±19.64 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup>, and 48.48±7.51 and 49.9±7.5 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup>, in post-monsoon and pre-monsoon, respectively. Also, Soil carbon was determined 227.1±11.86 and 227.3±11.71 Mg ha<sup>-1 </sup>in post-monsoon and pre-monsoon, respectively. A positive correlation was found between the vegetation biomass and soil organic carbon in post-monsoon (r=0.905) and pre-monsoon (r=0.914), indicating the role of vegetation in building soil organic carbon. The mean carbon stock value for the total area of mangroves in post-monsoon and pre-monsoon was extrapolated as 43.9 and 44.2 Kt of C, equivalent to 161.13 and 162.102 Kt of CO2e, respectively. This data reveals that Gowatr mangroves store a substantial amount of atmospheric carbon, and therefore need to be conserved and sustainably managed to maintain as well as to increase carbon storage.<br /> https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_121484_c10b768a51dfe23d43400b402e836b60.pdfAgricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences1562-291619420200701Determination of gender and sexual maturity stages of reared Great sturgeon (Huso huso) using blood plasma sex steroid ratios2185219812223510.22092/ijfs.2020.122235ENRezvanollah KazemiresearcherJournal Article20200118Gender and sexual maturity stages of great sturgeon (<em>Huso huso</em>) were studied using blood plasma sex steroids hormones ratios (17β-estradiol (E2), testosterone (T) and 11-ketotestostrone (11KT)}. One hundred sixty reared great sturgeon aged (1-12 years) with weight and length 0.45 to 49.65 kg and 36-198 cm, respectively. For each gender, 80 individuals (20 fish in each maturity stage) were selected out of 650 fish. Hormone concentrations measured with commercial kits. All samples analyzed in duplicate and a separate standard curve run for each ELISA plate. The findings of this study showed that it is possible to separate male and female fish especially from the second sex maturation stage using T/E2 and 11KT/E2 hormone ratios. The results showed that the use of E2/T, E2/11KT ratios are very useful indices for sex determination and sexual maturity stages assessment in male reared great sturgeon, but T/11KT and 11KT/T ratios were not functional. Based on the results, the use of T/E2 and 11KT/E2 ratios were preferable to E2/T and E2/11KT ratios for recognition of different sex maturation stages in male fish. These hormone ratios were used to determine different stages of male sexuality with more than 95% precision, and less than 30% for females. In addition, despite strong correlation between length and weight of fish with hormone ratios, sex could not identified through this parameter. The results of the present study revealed that some sex steroid hormones ratios can determine the sex and sex stages of reared great sturgeon especially in males with high accuracy.<br /> https://jifro.areeo.ac.ir/article_122235_2e353740825dd6280edb4cd73331cbaf.pdf