Effect of a long-time exposure of green and chemical synthesized silver nanoparticles on antioxidant defense system and immune response in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer)

Authors

Department of Fisheries, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

10.22092/ijfs.2025.132839

Abstract

The unique behavior of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) led to their increasing use in a wide range of products and the high discharge of these particles in the aquatic ecosystem. Regarding little information about the toxicity of AgNPs in the aquatic environment, the prediction of possible environmental hazards is the hot topic of current research studies. This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-time exposure of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer)‎ to green (using brown macroalga extract) and chemically synthesized ‎AgNPs on oxidant/antioxidant and immunological responses. The LC50 of both synthesized AgNPs was determined on fish (mean weight: 15±2.2 g) after 96 h (LC50 for green synthesized AgNPs= 18.27 mg/l and for chemical synthesized AgNPs= 1.32 mg/L). Fish were exposed to green and chemical synthesized AgNPs concentrations of 0 (control), 5, 10, and 25% LC50 for 60 days. For each treatment, 90 juveniles (22±1.5 g) were distributed in fiberglass tanks (300 L) and fed for 60 days. Fish were sampled at 1, 30, and 60 days after exposure. The liver tissue of fish samples was isolated and homogenized and then the activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) was determined. The complement pathway activity (ACP), total immunoglobulin (Ig), total protein, albumin (ALB) ‎concentration, and globulin (GLO) were measured in fish blood samples. The results showed that green synthesized ‎AgNPs first ‎increased the activity of the antioxidant system and then significantly reduced its activity. However, after exposure to chemically synthesized AgNPs, ‎the activity of the antioxidant system showed a significant decrease. Both green and ‎chemically synthesized AgNP exposure caused an increase in proinflammatory activities and ‎immune proteins, and these activities were more ‎pronounced after exposure to green-synthesized AgNP.

Keywords

Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences
Volume 24, Issue 2
March 2025
Pages 259-275

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