Hotspot analysis and spatial distribution of sharks and rays: Implications for conservation and management strategies

Authors

1 Faculty of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

2 WWF-Malaysia, 1 Jalan PJS 5/28A, Petaling Jaya Commercial Centre (PJCC), 46150 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

10.22092/ijfs.2026.135584

Abstract

Shark and ray populations are increasingly threatened, highlighting the need for effective management and conservation. This study aimed to identify hotspot areas for these species in the waters of Kuala Dungun, Malaysia. Monthly onboard observations were carried out on trawl, longline, and fish trap vessels from June 2023 to May 2024. Hotspot analysis was then performed using the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic in QGIS platform. Significant hotspots for Carcharhinus sorrah, Chiloscyllium punctatum, C. hasseltii, Rhynchobatus australiae, and Maculabatis spp. were primarily identified in coastal regions, as well as in proximity to Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) and artificial reefs. The association between hotspots and FADs/artificial reefs suggests these structures may enhance abundance, benefiting both conservation and fisheries productivity. Bamboo shark egg cases were also reported on traps located near FADs. The findings emphasize the importance of habitat protection and the implementation of marine spatial planning to support sustainable management practices.

Keywords

Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences
Volume 25, Issue 3
May 2026
Pages 549-569

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